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ISACA CCOA Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic
Details

Topic 1

Cybersecurity Principles and Risk: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers core cybersecurity principles and risk management strategies. It includes assessing vulnerabilities, threat analysis, and understanding regulatory compliance frameworks. The section emphasizes evaluating risks and applying appropriate measures to mitigate potential threats to organizational assets.

Topic 2

Securing Assets: This section of the exam measures skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers the methods and strategies used to secure organizational assets. It includes topics like endpoint security, data protection, encryption techniques, and securing network infrastructure. The goal is to ensure that sensitive information and resources are properly protected from external and internal threats.

Topic 3

Incident Detection and Response: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Analyst and focuses on detecting security incidents and responding appropriately. It includes understanding security monitoring tools, analyzing logs, and identifying indicators of compromise. The section emphasizes how to react to security breaches quickly and efficiently to minimize damage and restore operations.

Topic 4

Technology Essentials: This section of the exam measures skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers the foundational technologies and principles that form the backbone of cybersecurity. It includes topics like hardware and software configurations, network protocols, cloud infrastructure, and essential tools. The focus is on understanding the technical landscape and how these elements interconnect to ensure secure operations.

Topic 5

Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Analyst and covers the tactics, techniques, and procedures used by adversaries to compromise systems. It includes identifying methods of attack, such as phishing, malware, and social engineering, and understanding how these techniques can be detected and thwarted.

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ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Sample Questions (Q72-Q77):

NEW QUESTION # 72
After an organization's financial system was moved to a cloud-hosted solution that allows single sign-on (SSO) for authentication purposes, data was compromised by an individual logged onto the local network using a compromised username and password. What authentication control would have MOST effectively prevented this situation?

A. Multi-factor
B. Single-factor
C. Challenge handshake
D. Token-based

Answer: A

Explanation:
Multi-factor authentication (MFA)would have been the most effective control to prevent data compromise in this scenario:
* Enhanced Security:MFA requires multiple authentication factors, such as a password (something you know) and a one-time code (something you have).
* Mitigates Credential Theft:Even if a username and password are compromised, an attacker would still need the second factor to gain access.
* SSO Integration:MFA can be seamlessly integrated with SSO to ensure robust identity verification.
* Example:A user logs in with a password and then confirms their identity using an authenticator app.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Challenge handshake:An outdated protocol for authentication, not as secure as MFA.
* C. Token-based:Often used as part of MFA but alone does not mitigate password theft.
* D. Single-factor:Only uses one method (e.g., a password), which is insufficient to protect against credential compromise.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 4, Section "Identity and Access Management," Subsection "Multi-Factor Authentication" - MFA is essential to prevent unauthorized access when credentials are compromised.

NEW QUESTION # 73
Which of the following is a security feature provided by the WS-Security extension in the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)?

A. Transport Layer Security (TLS)
B. Message confidentiality
C. Session management
D. MaIware protection

Answer: B

Explanation:
TheWS-Securityextension inSimple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)provides security features at the message levelrather than thetransport level. One of its primary features ismessage confidentiality.
* Message Confidentiality:Achieved by encrypting SOAP messages using XML Encryption. This ensures that even if a message is intercepted, its content remains unreadable.
* Additional Features:Also provides message integrity (using digital signatures) and authentication.
* Use Case:Suitable for scenarios where messages pass through multiple intermediaries, as security is preserved across hops.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Transport Layer Security (TLS):Secures the transport layer, not the SOAP message itself.
* C. Malware protection:Not related to WS-Security.
* D. Session management:SOAP itself is stateless and does not handle session management.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 7, Section "Web Services Security," Subsection "WS-Security in SOAP" - WS-Security provides message-level security, including confidentiality and integrity.

NEW QUESTION # 74
Which of the following is the MOST common output of a vulnerability assessment?

A. A detailed report on the overall vulnerability posture, including physical security measures
B. A list of potential attackers along with their IP addresses and geolocation data
C. A list of identified vulnerabilities along with a severity level for each
D. A list of authorized users and their access levels for each system and application

Answer: C

Explanation:
The most common output of a vulnerability assessment is a detailed list of identified vulnerabilities, each accompanied by a severity level (e.g., low, medium, high, critical). This output helps organizations prioritize remediation efforts based on risk levels.
* Purpose:Vulnerability assessments are designed to detect security weaknesses and misconfigurations.
* Content:The report typically includes vulnerability descriptions, affected assets, severity ratings (often based on CVSS scores), and recommendations for mitigation.
* Usage:Helps security teams focus on the most critical issues first.
Incorrect Options:
* B. A detailed report on overall vulnerability posture:While summaries may be part of the report, the primary output is the list of vulnerabilities.
* C. A list of potential attackers:This is more related to threat intelligence, not vulnerability assessment.
* D. A list of authorized users:This would be part of an access control audit, not a vulnerability assessment.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 5, Section "Vulnerability Management," Subsection "Vulnerability Assessment Process" - The primary output of a vulnerability assessment is a list of discovered vulnerabilities with associated severity levels.

NEW QUESTION # 75
Exposing the session identifier in a URL is an example of which web application-specific risk?

A. Identification and authentication failures
B. Broken access control
C. Insecure design and implementation
D. Cryptographic failures

Answer: A

Explanation:
Exposing thesession identifier in a URLis a classic example of anidentification and authentication failure because:
* Session Hijacking Risk:Attackers can intercept session IDs when exposed in URLs, especially through techniques likereferrer header leaksorlogs.
* Session Fixation:If the session ID is predictable or accessible, attackers can force a user to log in with a known ID.
* OWASP Top Ten 2021 - Identification and Authentication Failures (A07):Exposing session identifiers makes it easier for attackers to impersonate users.
* Secure Implementation:Best practices dictate storing session IDs inHTTP-only cookiesrather than in URLs to prevent exposure.
Other options analysis:
* A. Cryptographic failures:This risk involves improper encryption practices, not session management.
* B. Insecure design and implementation:Broad category, but this specific flaw is more aligned with authentication issues.
* D. Broken access control:Involves authorization flaws rather than authentication or session handling.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 4: Web Application Security:Covers session management best practices and related vulnerabilities.
* Chapter 8: Application Security Testing:Discusses testing for session-related flaws.

NEW QUESTION # 76
The network team has provided a PCAP file withsuspicious activity located in the Investigations folderon the Desktop titled, investigation22.pcap.
What date was the webshell accessed? Enter the formatas YYYY-MM-DD.

Answer:

Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation.
Explanation:
To determine thedate the webshell was accessedfrom theinvestigation22.pcapfile, follow these detailed steps:
Step 1: Access the PCAP File
* Log into the Analyst Desktop.
* Navigate to theInvestigationsfolder on the desktop.
* Locate the file:
investigation22.pcap
Step 2: Open the PCAP File in Wireshark
* LaunchWireshark.
* Open the PCAP file:
mathematica
File > Open > Desktop > Investigations > investigation22.pcap
* ClickOpento load the file.
Step 3: Filter for Webshell Traffic
* Since webshells typically useHTTP/Sto communicate, apply a filter:
http.request or http.response
* Alternatively, if you know the IP of the compromised host (e.g.,10.10.44.200), use:
nginx
http and ip.addr == 10.10.44.200
* PressEnterto apply the filter.
Step 4: Identify Webshell Activity
* Look for HTTP requests that include:
* Common Webshell Filenames:shell.jsp, cmd.php, backdoor.aspx, etc.
* Suspicious HTTP Methods:MainlyPOSTorGET.
* Right-click a suspicious packet and choose:
arduino
Follow > HTTP Stream
* Inspect the HTTP headers and content to confirm the presence of a webshell.
Step 5: Extract the Access Date
* Look at theHTTP request/response header.
* Find theDatefield orTimestampof the packet:
* Wireshark displays timestamps on the left by default.
* Confirm theHTTP streamincludes commands or uploads to the webshell.
Example HTTP Stream:
POST /uploads/shell.jsp HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.10.44.200
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0
Date: Mon, 2024-03-18 14:35:22 GMT
Step 6: Verify the Correct Date
* Double-check other HTTP requests or responses related to the webshell.
* Make sure thedate fieldis consistent across multiple requests to the same file.
2024-03-18
Step 7: Document the Finding
* Date of Access:2024-03-18
* Filename:shell.jsp (as identified earlier)
* Compromised Host:10.10.44.200
* Method of Access:HTTP POST
Step 8: Next Steps
* Isolate the Affected Host:
* Remove the compromised server from the network.
* Remove the Webshell:
rm /path/to/webshell/shell.jsp
* Analyze Web Server Logs:
* Correlate timestamps with access logs to identify the initial compromise.
* Implement WAF Rules:
* Block suspicious patterns related to file uploads and webshell execution.

NEW QUESTION # 77
......

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